高考北京卷英語及參考答案解析
北京高考語文、數學、外語滿分均為150分。(注：外語考試分英語、俄語、日語、德語、法語、西班牙語六個語種，由考生任選一種。)以下是小編匯總關于高考北京卷英語及參考答案解析的相關內容，供大家參考!
高考北京卷英語及參考答案解析篇1
一、高考英語聽力
英語聽力應試技巧與策略
聽前：略讀題目，切入話題，劃出重點，預測內容(確定人物身份)
聽中：捕捉信息，速記要點，有的放矢，去偽存真(短文獨白，首末為主旨句，注意5W,1H)
聽后：連貫記憶，前后聯系，綜合考慮，一錘定音。
二、高考英語閱讀理解
解題技巧
閱讀理解文章多是議論文和說明文，這兩種文體的結構可歸納為：提出問題——論述問題——得出結論或者闡明觀點。對于這類文章，抓主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。
位于段首：一般而言，以演繹法撰寫的英語文章，主題句往往在文章的開頭，即先點出主題，然后圍繞這一主題作具體的陳述。判斷第一句是否為主題句，可具體分析段落的首句與第二，三句的關系;
位于段尾：如果第一句話不是概括性的或綜合性的話，最好快速讀一讀英語段落的最后一個句子，看看它是否具備主題句的特征。一般說來，當一種觀點不易向人解釋清楚或不易被人接受時，主題句便會到段落的末尾才出現。
位于段中：這種英語文章的主題句往往會在段落中間出現。歸納起來主要有兩種情況：先提出問題，然后給予回答(主題句)，最后給予解釋;或者，先提出問題，然后點出主題思想(主題句)，最后給予解釋。
首尾呼應：主題句在英語段落的開頭和結尾兩個位置上先后出現，形成前呼后應的格局。這兩個主題句敘說的是同一個內容，但用詞不盡相同，這樣不但強調了主題思想，而且顯得靈活多變。
無明確主題句：找英語關鍵詞(出現頻率較高), 歸納總結。
三、完形填空
解題技巧
1.邏輯語氣解題法
這種邏輯語氣主要包含并列、遞進、因果、轉折和委婉語氣等等。這類英語題的選項多為連詞、副詞或具有連詞意義的各類短語。
2.固定搭配解題法
這類英語題與語法結構題有點類似，但主要慣用搭配，講究詞與詞的搭配，涉及到關聯詞、動詞、副詞、形容詞、名詞和短語等。
3.語法結構法
這類題需要高考考生有較為扎實的英語語法基礎知識，能夠從句式的結構上辨別出須填相關的關聯詞、連詞、副詞、形容詞或相應的動詞，當然還要考慮到主謂一致的關系等英語語法知識要點。
四、短文改錯
解題技巧
1、查看時態是否一致。2、查看主謂是否一致。3、查指代是否一致。4、查平行結構是否平行一致、5、查英語名詞的單復數與修飾詞語或上下文是否一致。6、查行文邏輯是否一致。
四、英語作文
高中英語作文滿分為25分，占總分數的16%。如果作文分數能達到20分以上，就能輕松將許多人甩在后面。
1.卷面清爽，減少修改
英語卷面整潔的高考作文分數一般都不會太低，閱卷老師喜好閱讀字跡工整的文章，讓人看上去舒服的卷面，應盡量減少修改，如果字體優美的話就更占優勢了。
2.杜絕錯誤拼寫
高考英語作文應杜絕拼寫錯誤的單詞，尤其是簡單的詞匯。如果考生有拿不準的單詞應盡量替換為熟悉的單詞。如果有拼寫錯誤的單詞不僅會因此扣分，還會影響整體作文分數的等級。
3.善用實詞，替換常用詞
高考英語作文應多用實詞，少用虛詞。作文不能拿高分，很大的原因是，千篇一律。所以，在寫作時，用不一樣的詞來表達，這樣能給你的英語作文增加不少的新鮮感與分數。
高考北京卷英語及參考答案解析篇2
第一部分 知識運用(共兩節，30分)
第一節(共15分)
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
I was always timid(羞怯的). Being new to the school made me even ____1____ , so it was surprising I’d ____2____ to anyone around me. Now I was paying the price﹣to write a five﹣page essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class”. That would take all night!
After I got home, though. I took my time petting the cat﹣postponing the pain.
When I finally sat down to ____3____, I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear.
Talking kept me and my neighbours from ____4____. One paragraph down; now what? I chewed on my pencil. Aha! What if talking were the first step towards life as a criminal? Without the education I was throwing away, I’d turn to theft and go to prison. When I got out, people would say, “She used to talk in class.” The pages began ____5____.
But when mum got home from work, I was still ____6____, “Five pages! That’s impossible!”
“Well, you’d better get back to work,” she said. “and I want to read it when you’re through.”
Soon after dinner, I handed the essay to mum. I half expected a____7____﹣at least an “I hope you’ve learned your lesson”. ____8____, mum laughed and laughed as she read.
The next day, when Ms Black read the essay to the class, everyone laughed. I could ____9____ they weren’t making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story. My____10____ still needed some nudging(激發), but I did learn I wasn’t shy in print.
1. A. freer B. shyer C. calmer D. happier
2. A. nod B. point C. listen D. chat
3. A. weep B. rest C. write D. read
4. A. learning B. playing C. planning D. laughing
5. A. standing out B. flying by C. breaking up D. checking in
6. A. celebrating B. longing C. complaining D. warning
7. A. lecture B. reason C. reward D. solution
8. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Meanwhile D. Instead
9. A. hope B. imagine C. tell D. predict
10. A. patience B. confidence C. tolerance D. independence
第二節(共15分)
A
閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。
Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守時). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I ____11____(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up ____12____(exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest____13____(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
B
閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。
Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When ____14____(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
Mangroves can help soften waves and protect ____15____(city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
C
閱讀下面短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。
Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention ____17____ global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were attending a water conference.She called for action ____19____(address)the struggles of people around the world ____20____(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”.
第二部分 閱讀理解(共兩節，38分)
第一節(共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
The International Olympic Committee(IOC)Young Leaders programme empowers talents to make a positive difference in their communities through sport. Twenty-five Young Leaders are being selected every two years for a four-year period. They promote the Olympic values, spreading the message of sport for good.
To be an IOC Young Leader, you need to first complete the 4-Week Learning Sprint (沖刺).
4-Week Learning Sprint
The 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November , is a virtual learning programme. The sessions can be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the IOC channel. Each week, participants will be asked to complete a topic﹣specific reflection task.
The 4-Week Learning Sprint is open to anyone, with the target audience aged between 20 and 28.
After successfully completing the 4-Week Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sport﹣based project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader.
Requirements for the Applicants
?You have successfully completed the 4-Week Learning Sprint.
?You have completed your high school studies.
?You have at least one year of work experience.
?You have strong public speaking skills.
?You are self-motivated and committed.
?You are passionate about creating positive change in your community.
?You are open to being coached and advised by experts and peers (同伴).
?You are able to work with people from different backgrounds.
21. In the 4-Week Learning Sprint, participants will ________.
A. create change in their community B. attend a virtual learning programme
C. meet people from different backgrounds D. promote the IOC Young Leaders project
22. If selected as an IOC Young Leader, one will need to ________.
A. complete a reflection task each week B. watch sports on the IOC channel
C. work on a sport-based project D. coach and advise their peers
23. Which is a requirement for the applicants?
A. Spreading the message of sport for good. B. Having at least one-year work experience.
C#FormatImgID_1# Showing great passion for project planning. D. Committing themselves to becoming an expert.
Sitting in the garden for my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振動) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…”and my vision blurred (模糊). The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme — had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for.
I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career.
So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.
I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.
When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (視角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about.
Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.
24. How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender’s name?
A. Anxious. B. Angry. C. Surprised. D. Settled.
25. After talking with Professor Devon, the author decided to ________.
A. criticise the review process B. stay longer in the Sahara Desert
C. apply to the original project again D. put his heart and soul into the lab work
26. According to the author, the project with the robotics professor was ________.
A. demanding B. inspiring C. misleading D. amusing
27. What can we learn from this passage?
A. An invitation is a reputation. B. An innovation is a resolution.
C. A rejection can be a redirection. D. A reflection can be a restriction.
In recent years, researchers from diverse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the world’s most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian Francis Cole argues that the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”.
It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices (犧牲) today that could make a major difference tomorrow. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s profit, or satisfying some other near-term desires.
These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, though, that our psychological biases play a major role. People’s hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvious example, but there are others.One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future. For instance, you might hear someone say: “It’s cold this winter, so I needn’t worry about global warming.”Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more. This is when a pop star draws far more attention than, say, gradual biodiversity decline.
As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldn’t send ships; they would invent climate change. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscreens after long drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically.
28. The author quotes Francis Cole mainly to ________.
A. draw a comparison
B. introduce a topic
C. evaluate a statement
D. highlight a problem
29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A#FormatImgID_2# Climate change has been forgotten.
B. Lessons of history are highly valued.
C. The human mind is bad at noting slow change.
D. Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings.
30. What does the author intend to tell us?
A. Far-sighted thinking matters to humans.
B. Humans tend to make long-term sacrifices.
C. Current policies facilitate future decision-making.
D. Bias towards the present helps reduce near-term desires.
What is life? Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple: we know of just one type of life and it’s challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The field of artificial life-called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles. Many of these practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is.
So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’”
As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines.
Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One reason is that ALife is a field in which the central concept — life itself — is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn’t help either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse, ALife mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混亂的) progression is a striking parallel (平行線) to the evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere.
Undefined and uncontrolled#FormatImgID_3# ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.
31. Regarding Alan Smith’s defence of ALife, the author is .
A. supportive B. puzzled C. unconcerned D. doubtful
32. What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A#FormatImgID_4# Shocked. B. Protected. C. Attracted. D. Challenged.
33. What can we learn from this passage?
A. ALife holds the key to human future. B. ALife and AI share a common feature.
C. AI mirrors the developments of ALife. D. AI speeds up the process of human evolution.
34. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out?
B. Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too?
C. Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day?
D. Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve, Too?
第二節(共10分)根據短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. ____35____
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. ____36____
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注冊) or funding. ____38____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result? Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
____39____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
第三部分 書面表達(共兩節，32分)
第一節(共4題;第(1)、(2)題各2分，第(3)題3分，第(4)題5分，共12分)
閱讀下面短文，根據題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區域作答。
Habit formation is the process by which behaviours become automatic. People develop countless habits as they explore the world, whether they are aware of them or not. Understanding how habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.
Habits are built through learning and repetition. A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues(刺激) with behavioural responses that help meet the goal. Over time, thoughts of the behaviour and ultimately the behaviour itself are likely to be triggered(觸發) by these cues.
A “habit loop(環)” is a way of describing several related elements that produce habits. These elements are called the cue, the routine, and the reward. For example, stress could serve as a cue that one responds to by eating, which produces the reward﹣the reduction of stress. While a routine involves repeated behaviour, it’s not necessarily performed in response to a deep﹣rooted urge, as a habit is.
Old habits can be difficult to shake, and healthy habits are often harder to develop. But through repetition, it’s possible to form new habits. The amount of time needed to build a habit will depend on multiple factors, including the individual and the intended behaviour. While you are able to pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many months to build a healthy habit. Take some time to think about what leads to bad habits and re﹣evaluate what you get out of them (or don’t). Consider and keep in mind why you want to make a change, including how the change reflects your values.
40. How are habits built?
________________________________________________________________
41. In what way is a routine different from a habit?
________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time.
________________________________________________________________
43. What benefit(s) have you got from one of your good habits?(In about 40 words)
________________________________________________________________
第二節(20分)
44. 假設你是紅星中學高三學生李華。你的英國好友Jim正在策劃一次以“綠色北京”為主題的社團活動，他發來郵件詢問你的建議。請你用英文給他回復，內容包括：
(1)活動形式;
(2)活動內容。
注意：(1)詞數100左右;
(2)開頭和結尾已給出，不計入總詞數。
Dear Jim，
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
高考北京卷英語及參考答案解析篇3
第一部分 知識運用(共兩節，30分)
第一節(共15分)
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
【1~10題答案】
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. B
第二節(共15分)
A
【11~13題答案】
【答案】11. would throw
12#FormatImgID_5# exactly
13. had arrived
B
【14~16題答案】
【答案】14. seen
15. cities 16. has established
C
【17~20題答案】
【答案】17. to 18. where
19. to address
20. facing
第二部分 閱讀理解(共兩節，38分)
第一節(共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
【21~23題答案】
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B
【24~27題答案】
【答案】24. A 25. D 26. B 27. C
【28~30題答案】
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. A
【31~34題答案】
【答案】31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D
第二節(共10分)根據短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
【35~39題答案】
【答案】35. D 36. F 37. G 38. B 39. C
第三部分 書面表達(共兩節，32分)
第一節(共4題;第(1)、(2)題各2分，第(3)題3分，第(4)題5分，共12分)
【40~43題答案】
【答案】40. Habits are built through learning and repetition.
41. A routine involves repeated behaviour while a habit is a deep﹣rooted urge.
42. Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shorter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many months.
43. I have a good habit of going to bed early and getting up early. Therefore, I can study energetically every morning, which makes me study efficiently. Also, I am very healthy.
第二節(20分)
【44題答案】
【答案】Dear Jim,
Hearing that you are planning a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing” and need my help, I am writing to offer you my suggestions.
I think you can carry out this activity in an interactive and experiential manner, which means students can participate and have a better understanding of “Green Beijing” through getting involved in different activities by themselves. You can showcase garbage classification on site, plant trees and publicize sharing economy, which will all fit into the theme of “Green Beijing”.
Hopefully, you will get some inspiration from my suggestions. Wish you success.
Yours,
Li Hua