初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)大總結(jié)：動(dòng)詞

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的主要用法有兩點(diǎn)：其一表示一經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如： I always go to scho

　　ol at seven. 其二表示某一真理，事實(shí)，如： The earth moves around the sun.

　　② 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法有兩點(diǎn)：其一表示某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過去，并持續(xù)下來，到現(xiàn)在完成

　　。如： I have studied English for two years. 其二表示某動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過去并已結(jié)束，但其影響到現(xiàn)在。如： I haven’t had my lunch. I’m hungry now.

　　與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的詞語有：yet, already, before, since, ever, never等。

　　其考查要點(diǎn)：

　　其一： Have been表示曾經(jīng)去過，如：I have been to America twice. 說此話的人應(yīng)

　　已經(jīng)回到國(guó)內(nèi)。而He has gone to Japan.則此人目前已到日本去了。

　　其二：截止性動(dòng)詞可以有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但不可與表示一段長(zhǎng)度的詞連用，如： The clas

　　s has begun. The class has been on for five minutes.

　　③ 一般過去時(shí)

　　表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，過去的習(xí)慣或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如： Who broke the window? In those days, I studied hard at night every day. 與過去時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有： at that time, ago, in 1949，　just now (剛才)， last night, yesterday

　　④ 一般將來時(shí)

　　純將來時(shí)的表示法： shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形

　　例： I’ll leave for Shanghai this evening.

　　表示按計(jì)劃要做或可能做的事： be going to+動(dòng)詞原形

　　例： I’m going to help you tonight.

　　將來時(shí)的特殊表示法

　　a. be+coming/leaving/going/starting/arriving

　　例： Don’t worry. I’m coming.

　　b. be about to+動(dòng)詞原形

　　例： He is about to leave, when the telephone rings.

　　c. 狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來

　　例： If it rains tomorrow I won’t go to the party.

　　(2) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：

　　can： 能，會(huì)

　　例： He can do it very well.

　　may：　許可，可能性

　　例： May I use your pen?

　　must：　必要，禁止(多表示主觀看法)

　　例： You mustn’t play with fire.

　　have　to：　不得不(多表示客觀之事)

　　例： I have to go, because I have a meeting.

　　could與would：二者用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示語氣的委婉

　　例： Could you help me?

　　初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)大總結(jié)：句型

　　(1) 賓語從句：

　　由疑問代詞或副詞引出的賓語從句

　　例： Could you tell me where the post office is?

　　Could you tell me what he said? (what作said的賓語)

　　由that引出的賓語從句

　　例： They said that they would give me some help. (that 僅作引導(dǎo)詞)

　　賓語從句中的疑問句要用陳述語序。

　　例： He asked when we would leave home.

　　(2) 狀語從句：

　　狀語從句可包括：時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)/原因/結(jié)果/目的等狀語從句。

　　例：I will come when I am free.

　　I’m late because my bike is broken.

　　He went so early that he got a good seat.

　　She studied hard so that she would pass the exam.

　　狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。

　　例： If it rains tomorrow I shall not go to the cinema.

　　表示在一長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行過程中某一動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生則長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作要用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，而突發(fā)性動(dòng)作要用一般時(shí)態(tài)。

　　例： When I’m reading a book， the telephone rings.

　　(3) 反意疑問句

　　例： She can swim across the river, can’t she?

　　It’s a fine day， isn’t it?

　　Marry needs to have a rest, doesn’t she?

　　You have nothing to do, do you?

　　He seldom does homework， does he?

　　Don’t open the door， will you?

　　Open the door please， will you?

　　Let us have a rest， will you?

　　Let’s go, shall we?

　　(4) 感嘆句：

　　例.　What a hot day it is!

　　How hot the weather is!

　　初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)大總結(jié)：不定式

　　(1) 不定式在句中作賓語，狀語：

　　例： It has begun to rain.

　　I want to go to the cinema.

　　(2) 不定式與疑問詞連用：

　　例： I want to know how to work.

　　I want to know what to do.

　　(3) 不定式的否定句：

　　例： He told me not to do it.

　　④　省略to的不定式：

　　例： I saw him come this morning.

　　這樣的動(dòng)詞有see, hear, watch等感官動(dòng)詞，及have(作讓、使講) make, let.

　　初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)大總結(jié)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

　　1) I come from Shanghai(上海人)

　　I have come from Shanghai(從上海來)

　　2) You read very well. (強(qiáng)調(diào)能力)

　　You've read very well. (強(qiáng)調(diào)一次剛完成的動(dòng)作)

　　3) I forget.(一時(shí)想不起來了)

　　I have forgotten.(仍沒想起來，可能已回憶起來了)

　　4) The book is written in simple English. (表狀態(tài))

　　The book has been written in simple English.(表動(dòng)態(tài)，已用英語寫成)

　　5) Every time I see him, he's been reading. (兩個(gè)動(dòng)作不可能同時(shí)進(jìn)行)Every time I have seen him, he's been reading. (強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行)

　　6) He is gone. (強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài))He has gone (強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作和時(shí)間)

　　7) He won't come till the play begins. (演出開始時(shí))

　　He won't come till the play has begun.(戲已開始)

　　8) After I leave school, I'll go to college. (兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊密相接)

　　After I have left school, I'll go to college.(強(qiáng)調(diào)畢業(yè)后，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作可能有間隔)

　　9) It is a long time since I saw you last. It's been a long time since I saw you last.(這兩句話一樣，后一句是美國(guó)英語)

　　10) Where are you? (在哪)Where have you been?(去了哪)

　　初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)大總結(jié)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　1) He works hard.(強(qiáng)調(diào)始終如一)He is working hard.(強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在)

　　2) What do you do? (干什么工作的)What are you doing?(在干什么)

　　3) Here comes the bus! (表高興和欣慰)

　　The bus is coming.(汽車到來的情景)

　　4) I forget him name. I'm forgetting his name.(差點(diǎn)把他的名字忘了)

　　5) You don't eat much. (強(qiáng)調(diào)胃口不大)

　　You're not eating much.(你怎么不吃呀)

　　6) The match starts at 7 o'clock. (比較固定，不宜改變)

　　The match is starting at 7 o'clock.(可以改變)

　　7) Tom always comes late. Tom is always coming late.(表示不滿，責(zé)備)

　　8)Tom goes to college now.

　　Tom is going to college now.(這兩句區(qū)別不大，后者更生動(dòng))

　　9) I tell you.(我可以告訴你)

　　I'm telling you.(我告訴你吧，有感情色彩)

　　10) He always sleeps in the afternoon.

　　He is always sleeping in the afternoon.(后者意味著整個(gè)下午都睡掉了)

　　11) I expect you to phone me. ( 幾乎等于命令)

　　I'm expecting you to phone me.(婉轉(zhuǎn))

　　12) What do you say? What are you saying?(你說些什么呀，表說話人驚訝，不滿)

　　12) I find that the book is too difficult for me.(強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)

　　I'm finding that the book is too difficult for me. (強(qiáng)調(diào)過程，逐漸感到)

　　13) Apples cost more these days.(強(qiáng)調(diào)事實(shí))

　　Apples are costing more these days.(越來越貴)

　　14) He always thinks of others.

　　He's always thinking of others.(表示贊揚(yáng))

　　15) Whenever I see him, he argues with somebody.(強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有先后)

　　Whenever I see him, he is arguing with somebody.(強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行)

　　16) I hope you'll give us some advice.

　　I'm hoping you'll give us some advice.(表示語氣婉轉(zhuǎn))

　　17) I must go. (我應(yīng)該去)I must be going.(我該走了)

　　18) We can discuss this while we eat.(說話是沒用餐)

　　We can discuss this while we are eating.(進(jìn)餐已開始)

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