人教版高中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
人教版高中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié):關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
指人,在定語從句中作主語。
What was the name of the man who lent you the money
借錢給你的那人叫什么名字?(定語從句修飾先行詞the man)
He who laughs lst laughs best.
誰笑到最后誰笑得最好。(定語從句修飾先行詞he)
The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right.
會(huì)議主席坐在我右邊,他先發(fā)言。(定語從句修飾先行詞the chairman)
B.whom
指人,在定語從句中做賓語。在口語或非正式文體中,whom可省略或可用who來代替,但在介詞后面以及在非限制性定語從句中只能用whom。
There are some people (whomwho)we like and others (whomwho) we dislike.
有些人我們是喜歡的,有些人則是我們討厭的。(定語從句分別修飾先行詞people, others)
The people whomwho I work with are all friendly.
和我一起工作的人都很友好。(定語從句修飾先行詞the people)
Mr Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in or plan.
昨晚我在電話里和卡特先生交談過,他對我們的計(jì)劃很感興趣。(非限制性定語從句中不能用who代替whom)
Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office.
兩個(gè)人來到我的辦公室,我以前從未見過他們。(在介詞后面不用who)
C.whose
通常指人,也可指物,在定語從句中做定語,后面要緊跟被修飾的名詞。
There are some people whose faces you can nevr forget.
有些人,他們的臉你永遠(yuǎn)難以忘懷。(定語從句修飾先行詞people)
I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air.
我看見一些樹的樹葉由于空氣污染而發(fā)黑。(定語從句修飾行詞trees)
D.which
1.指物,在定語從句中做主語或賓語。做賓語時(shí)常可省略。
English is a language which is easy to learn.
英語是一門容易學(xué)的語言。(which在定語從句中作主語,不能省略)
This is a folk song which is now very popular.
這是目前非常流行的一首民謠(which在定語從句中作主語,不能省略)
The river which flows through London is the Thames.
流經(jīng)倫敦的河叫泰晤士河。(which在定語從句中作主語,不能省略)
The children like cookies (which) my wife makes.
孩子們喜歡我夫人做的餅干。(關(guān)系代詞which作makes的賓語,可以省略)
2.which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可以修飾前面的整個(gè)主句,相當(dāng)于and this。
Jim passedhis driving test, which surprised everybody.
吉姆通過了駕駛考試,這使大家都感到驚訝。(定語從句修飾的是整個(gè)主句,而不是the driving test)
3.which在非限制性定語從句中有時(shí)也可以作定語。
John stayed here for a week, dring which time we visited the West Lake together.
約翰在這里呆了一星期,在此期間我們一起游了西湖。
It might snow this weekend, in which case we won't go to Beijing.
周末可能下雪,在這種情況下,我們就不去北京了。
E.that
指人時(shí),相當(dāng)于who 或whom;指物時(shí),相當(dāng)于which。在定語從句中作主語或賓語(做賓語時(shí)常可省略)。
He is the man that lives next door.
他就是住在隔壁的那個(gè)人。(定語從句修飾先行詞the man,作主語)
I don't like stories that have unhappy endings.
我不喜歡結(jié)尾悲傷的故事。(定語從句修飾先行詞stories,作主語)
The dress (that) Ann boughtdoesn't fit her very well.
安買的衣服不太合身。(定語從句修飾先行詞the dress,that作賓語可省略)
Is there anything (that) I can do for you
有我能為你效勞的事嗎?(定語從句修飾先行詞anything,that作賓語,可省略)
提示:
在口語中,that有時(shí)還可以作關(guān)系副詞,相當(dāng)于when或介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)。
We left the day (that) he arrived. 他來的那一天,我們就走了。(that替when)
He doesn't see things the way (that) we see them. 他看問題的方法和我們不一樣。(that代替in which)
Imagine the speed (that) he drives his car! 很難想象,他開車的速度那么快!(that代替at which)
F.其他關(guān)系代詞
as 和but也可作關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句。
1.as
as可以在限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句中作主語或賓語。
① 在限制性定語從句中,as可跟在由suc, so, the same修飾的先行詞之后。
Such men as heard him were deeply moved. 聽過他說話的人,都會(huì)深受感動(dòng)。(as在定語從句中作heard的主語)
I've never heard such stories as he tells. 我從未聽過像他講的這樣的故事。(as在定語從句中作tell的賓語)
He lifted so heavy a stone as no one else can lift. 他搬起別人都搬不起的大石頭。(as在定語從句中l(wèi)ift的賓語)
比較:
在the same
