英語劃分句子成分練習(xí)題一

　　(一)句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語和謂語;次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。

　　(二)主語：主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句(當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時)和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：

　　During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名詞)

　　We often speak English in class.(代詞)

　　One-third of the students in this class are girls.(數(shù)詞) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)

　　Smoking does harm to the health.(動名詞)

　　The rich should help the poor.(名詞化的形容詞)

　　When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主語從句)

　　It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式)

　　(三)謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：

　　1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如：He practices running every morning.

　　2、復(fù)合謂語：(1)由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.

　　(2)由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：We are students.

　　(四)表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動詞(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如：

　　Our teacher of English is an American.(名詞)

　　Is it yours?(代詞)

　　The weather has turned cold.(形容詞)

　　The speech is exciting.(分詞)

　　Three times seven is twenty one?(數(shù)詞)

　　His job is to teach English.(不定式)

　　His hobby(愛好)is playing football.(動名詞)

　　The machine must be out of order.(介詞短語)

　　Time is up. The class is over.(副詞)

　　The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表語從句)

　　(五)賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如：

　　They went to see an exhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)

　　The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代詞)

　　How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(數(shù)詞)

　　They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名詞化形容詞)

　　He pretended not to see me.(不定式短語)

　　I enjoy listening to popular music.(動名詞短語)

　　I think(that)he is fit for his office.(賓語從句)

　　賓語種類：(1)雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語)，例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.(2)復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ))，例如：They elected him their monitor.

　　(六)賓語補(bǔ)足語：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補(bǔ)語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞(如make等+賓語+賓補(bǔ))。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如： His father named him Dongming.(名詞)

　　They painted their boat white.(形容詞)

　　Let the fresh air in.(副詞)

　　You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短語) We saw her entering the room.(現(xiàn)在分詞)

　　We found everything in the lab in good order.(介詞短語) We will soon make our city what your city is now.(從句)

　　(七)定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示：

　　Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容詞)

　　China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分詞)

　　There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名詞) His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代詞)

　　Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短語)

　　The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(動名詞) He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介詞短語)

　　(八)狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。可由以下形式表示：

　　Light travels most quickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)

　　He has lived in the city for ten years.(介詞短語)

　　He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短語)

　　He is in the room making a model plane.(分詞短語) Wait a minute.(名詞)

　　Once you begin, you must continue.(狀語從句)

　　狀語種類如下：

　　How about meeting again at six?(時間狀語)

　　Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因狀語)

　　I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(條件狀語)

　　Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地點(diǎn)狀語)

　　She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式狀語) She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴隨狀語)

　　In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的狀語)

　　He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(結(jié)果狀語) She works very hard though she is old.(讓步狀語)

　　I am taller than he is.(比較狀語)

　　英語劃分句子成分練習(xí)題：強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練

　　一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：

　　1. The students got on the school bus.

　　2. He handed me the newspaper.

　　3. I shall answer your question after class.

　　4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!

　　5. They went hunting together early in the morning.

　　6. His job is to train swimmers.

　　7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.

　　8. There is going to be an American film tonight.

　　9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.

　　10. His wish is to become a scientist.

　　11. He managed to finish the work in time.

　　12. Tom came to ask me for advice.

　　13. He found it important to master English.

　　14. Do you have anything else to say?

　　15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.

　　16. Would you please tell me your address?

　　17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.

　　18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.

　　19. He noticed a man enter the room.

　　20. The apples tasted sweet.

　　二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的主語(—)、謂語(=)、賓語(～)： I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on

　　working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs

　　more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.

　　三、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語

　　(—)、狀語(=)、補(bǔ)語(～)： Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you

　　asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.

　　四、選擇填空：

　　( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.

　　A. Now there the man B. The man here now

　　C. The man who is here now D. The man is here now

　　( ) 2. The weather ____.

　　A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold

　　( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.

　　A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet

　　( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.

　　A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter

　　( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70.

　　A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded

　　( )6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.

　　A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we

　　( )7. He found the street much ______.

　　A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly

　　( ) 8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.

　　A. its B. it C. that D. that is

　　( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.

　　A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked

　　( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.

　　A. that B. when C. in which D. where 練習(xí)一：

　　一、1、主語，定語;2、間接賓語;3、謂語，狀語;4、定語;5、狀語，狀語;6、定語，表語;7、賓語，狀語;8、謂語，主語;9、謂語;10、主語，表語;11、謂語，賓語;12、狀語;13、形式賓語，真正賓語;14、賓語、定語;15、插入語，狀語;16、賓語(間賓+直賓);17、狀語，狀語;18、形式主語，表語，賓補(bǔ);19、賓補(bǔ);20、表語

　　二、略

　　三、略

　　四、1~5 CBDBB 6~10 ACBAB

　　練習(xí)二：

　　一、1、簡單句;2、復(fù)合句;3、簡單句;4、簡單句;5、并列句;

　　6、復(fù)合句;7、并列句;8、復(fù)合句;9、簡單句;10、簡單句

　　二、

　　I hope you are very well(復(fù)合句). I'm fine, but tired(簡單句). Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm(并列句). August is the hottest month here(簡單句). It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.(并列句) Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors(簡單句). We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat(并列復(fù)合句). We have a lot of machines on the farm(簡單句). Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him(復(fù)合句). But he

　　employs more men for the harvest(簡單句). My brother takes care of the vegetable garden(簡單句). It doesn't often rain in the

　　summer here(簡單句). As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden(簡單句). Every evening we pump water from a well(簡單句). It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden(簡單句).

　　Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time(簡單句). These parties often make us very happy(簡單句). We cook meat on an open fire outside(簡單句). It's great( 簡單句)! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion(簡單句). Some of my friends drink beer(簡單句). I don't, because I have to drive home after the party(復(fù)合句). In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States(簡單句). There are five different time areas in the States(簡單句). In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time(簡單句). How many different time areas do you have in China(簡單句)? Well, I must stop and get some sleep(簡單句). Please give my best regards to your parents(簡單句).

　　三、1~5 ACADD 6~10 BCBDC 11~15 ADBCC 16~20 ABADB 21~25 DDDCD 26~30 ADDBD