八年級下冊第三單元詞匯短語及被動綜合歸納
第三單元詞匯短語及被動綜合歸納
Ⅰ. Vocabulary
1.description (n. 描述)---describe(v. 描述)
describesth. = tell what sth. is like = give a description of sth.
2. fit(adj. 健康的)---fit(v. 適合、合身)---fitness (n. 健康、適合) fit in 相處融洽,合得來;be fit for = be suitable for 能勝任、適合
3. dive(v. 潛水)---diving (n. 潛水) --- diver (n. 潛水員)
4.attract(v. 吸引)---attraction (n. 吸引力)---attractive(adj. 有吸引力的、誘人的)---distraction(n. 分心) attract one’s attention. 吸引注意力
5.hang(v. 懸掛)---hanger (n. 衣架)
hang(v. 懸掛)---hung---hung
hang(v. 絞死、吊死)---hanged--- hanged
hang outwith sb. 與…外出閑逛
hang on 等候,別掛電話 = hold on
6.require(v. 需要)---requirement (n. 需求)
requiresb. to do
requirethat sb. (should) do 要求某人做…
7.practise(v. 從事)---practice(n. 練習)---practical(adj. 現實的)
practicedoing sth. 練習做…
8.health(n. 健康)---healthy(adj. 健康的)---unhealthy(adj. 不健康的)
ingood/bad health = healthy/unhealthy 健康(不健康的)
9.luck(n. 運氣)---lucky(adj. 運氣好的)---luckily(adv. 不幸的)---unlucky(adj. 不幸的)---unluckily(adv. 不幸地)
out ofluck = unlucky 倒霉
10.wedding(n. 婚禮)--- wed (v. 結婚)---newly-wed (n. 新婚的)
11.rough(adj. 粗糙的)---roughness(n.粗暴、粗野)
12.simple (adj. 簡單的、自然的、率直的)---simply(adv. 僅僅)---simplicity(n. 簡單、樸素);simple-minded頭腦簡單的
Ⅱ. Key phrases:
1. divedown 潛入水下
2. stayunder the water 待在水中
3. up totwo minutes = about two minutes 大約兩分鐘
4. setoff in the late afternoon 在下午較晚時候出發
5. getthe cormorant ready for work 讓鸕鶿準備好捕魚
6. stopthem from eating big fish = prevent them from eating big fish. 防止鸕鶿吞掉大魚
7. jumpup and down 上下跳
8. hang alight 掛一盞燈
9. nomore = not any more 不再…
10. thetraditional skill of paper cutting 傳統剪紙藝術
11. aperson with a traditional skill 傳統手工藝人
12. berequired to do sth.被要求做某事
13. puton a play 上演一個戲劇
14. keep …alive 讓…活著(不遺失)
15. thistype of fishing = this kind of fishing 這種(捕魚)的方式
Ⅲ. Grammar Passive Voice (被動語態)
1. 結構:Be + V.pp(動詞過去分詞)
2. 被動語態的時態較常見的八種形式如下:
一般現在時 am/is/are done
一般過去時 was/weredone
一般將來時 shall/will/begoing to be done
現在進行時 am/is/arebeing done
現在完成時 have/hasbeen done
過去進行時 was/werebeing done
過去將來時 wouldbe done
過去完成時 hadbeen done
3. 常見It is + 過去分詞+ that 句型有:
It’s saidthat … 據說……
It’sbelieved that 人們相信……
It’sreported that 據報道……
It’ssuggested that 有人建議……
4. 含有情態動詞的被動語態結構
情態動詞 + be + V. pp(動詞過去分詞)
常見情態動詞包括:ought to(=should), must, have to,can等等。
5. 主動句中謂語動詞由動詞+介詞或副詞構成的短語動詞,變為被動句時,要把它們作為整體看,即把它們看成一個及物動詞,介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉,介詞或副詞不可省略。這類動詞有:laugh at, operate on, look after,make fun of, make use of take care of,carry out, give up, hand in, point out, put away, put off, turn down, work out,talk about等。
eg. Yourpronunciation must be paid great attention to.你要著重注意一下你的發音。
6. 主動表被動的幾種情況
① 動詞(表示主語的屬性特征) + 副詞(well/ badly/easily/smoothly),用主動式表被動義。
read, write,sell, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink,…
eg. Thispen made in Japan ________ well. (write)
②不定式在某些形容詞后作狀語,且和句子的主語(或賓語)構成動賓關系時,用主動式表被動義。
difficult,easy, hard, fit, pleasant, good, comfortable, light, heavy, safe,…
eg. Wefind English is hard _______ (learn).
③不定式作后置定語,與被修飾的名詞構成動賓關系,又和該句主語(或賓語)構成主謂關系時,用主動式表被動義。
eg. Ihave a lot of homework ______(do).
④表示狀態特征的連系動詞(look, sound, feel, smell, taste,prove, appear, make,...)+adj./n.,用主動式表被動義。
Thatsounds a good idea. / The rotten meat smells terrible.
⑤表示“開始、結束、運動”的動詞用主動式表被動義。(begin, open, start, stop, end, finish,shut, move, run,...)
Our classoften starts at 8 a.m. .
⑥作“需要”講的want/need/require后接動名詞作賓語時,同be worth, in need of,用主動式表被動義;當然也可接不定式的被動式作賓語。
Ourclassroom needs cleaning/ to be cleaned.
7. ① take place(發生),happen, break out(爆發), belong to(屬于), die, last(持續),appear(看起來), come true(變成現實), turn out(結果是),rise, succeed, lie等不及物動詞不能用于被動語態。
② 一感(feel)二聽(hear, listen to)三讓(let, make, have)四觀看(see, watch, notice, look at)等后面的不定式不帶“to”;變為被動語態時必須還原“to”。
看了“八年級下冊第三單元詞匯短語及被動綜合歸納”
